Урок 26 · LinguaPath
Past Perfect: предпрошедшее время в английском
Past Perfect — действие, завершённое до другого момента в прошлом. Образуется через had + V3 и используется во всех лицах одинаково.
Образование
had + третья форма глагола (Past Participle). I had finished. She had gone. Краткая форма: I'd, she'd. Отрицание: hadn't.
Когда использовать
1) Действие до другого прошлого: When I arrived, the film had already started. 2) Длительность до момента: She had worked there for 5 years before she quit. 3) В косвенной речи как сдвиг от Past Simple.
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
|---|---|
| Сначала случилось | Случилось ещё раньше |
| I called him. | I called him after I had eaten. |
| She arrived. | By the time she arrived, we had left. |
Маркеры: by the time, before, after, already, just, by 6 o'clock, when (с акцентом на завершённость).
Past Perfect Continuous
had been + V-ing — длительное действие до момента в прошлом: She had been waiting for two hours when the train finally arrived.